Association of arterial stiffness, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, insulin resistance, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy

Aim: To investigate the changes of insulin resistance (IR), parameters arterial stiffness, concentrations N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and echocardiographic in patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods: This study recruited 44 T2D (19 without CAN 25 CAN) 15 healthy volunteers. Arterial immunoreactive insulin, homeostasis model assessment IR, NT-proBNP parameters, examination were assessed. Results: Development is associated increase levels, IR stiffening. Among CAN, stiffness considered as high. We found out that among this group, value brachial augmentation index was normal 52%, elevated 40%, pathological 8%; pulse wave velocity 16%, 32% cases. Obtained results showed development accompanied by more pronounced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction formation hypertrophy (LVH), mostly concentric type. group LVH diagnosed 76 % eccentric 16% persons. Multiple regression analysis, after controlling for age, sex, duration, blood pressure, HbA1c, mass index, an independent association heart rate response to deep breathing (P < 0.001). Conclusion: increased levels NT-proBNP, stiffening, dysfunction, LVH,